激光(LASER)焊接技术

激光焊接技术是把激光束(LASER)经过聚焦后形成高能量密度(单位:g/cm3或kg/m3)的激光脉冲对材料进行微小区域内的局部(part)加热，将材料熔化(定义:物质由固态变成液态的变化过程)后形成特定熔池，从而达到焊接的目的。光泵式激光配件。指以光泵方式激励的激光器配件，包括几乎是全部的固体激光器配件和液体激光器配件，以及少数气体激光器配件和半导体激光器配件。

目前，用于大功率(High-power)(指物体在单位时间内所做的功的多少)激光焊接的激光器配件主要是CO2气体激光器配件和Nd:YAG固体激光器配件两种。固体激光配件，这类激光器配件所采用的工作物质，是通过把能够产生受激辐射作用的金属离子掺入晶体或玻璃基质中构成发光中心而制成的。半导激光配件，这类激光器配件是以一定的半导体材料作工作物质而产生受激发射作用，其原理是通过一定的激励方式(电注入、光泵或高能电子束注入)，在半导体物质的能带之间或能带与杂质能级之间，通过激发非平衡载流子而实现粒子数反转，从而产生光的受激发射作用。

CO2气体激光器配件输出的激光波长为10.6μm，它是以CO2混合气体作为激光活性介质(起决定作用的物质)，通过放电产生激励(Excitation)。固体激光配件，这类激光器配件所采用的工作物质，是通过把能够产生受激辐射作用的金属离子掺入晶体或玻璃基质中构成发光中心而制成的。

Nd:YAG固体激光器配件输出的激光波长为1.06μm,它是以掺有钕(Nd)(Nd)或钇(Y)(Yb)金属离子的YAG晶体作为激光活性介质(起决定作用的物质)，主要通过光泵浦(pump)来发射激光。固体激光配件，这类激光器配件所采用的工作物质，是通过把能够产生受激辐射作用的金属离子掺入晶体或玻璃基质中构成发光中心而制成的。

同CO2激光器配件相比，Nd:YAG激光器配件主要优势(解释:能压倒对方的有利形势)是光束可以通过光纤(Fiber)进行传播，且其波长短，有利于材料表面的吸收，尤其对焊接铜(化学式Cu)合金和铝(Al)合金(熔点660℃)等材料更为优越。

Laser (LASER) welding technology

Laser welding technology is to focus the laser beam (LASER) to form a high energy density (g/cm3 or kg/m3) laser pulse to heat the part of the material in a small area, then melt the material (definition: the change process of material from solid to liquid) to form a specific molten pool, so as to achieve the purpose of welding. Optically pumped laser accessories. It refers to laser accessories excited by optical pumps, including almost all solid-state laser accessories and liquid laser accessories, as well as a few gas laser accessories and semiconductor laser accessories.

At present, the laser parts used for high-power laser welding are mainly CO2 gas laser parts and Nd:YAG solid-state laser parts. Solid-state laser accessories, the working substance used in such laser accessories, are made by incorporating metal ions capable of generating stimulated radiation into crystals or glass substrates to form luminescent centers. Semiconductor laser fittings, which are stimulated by a certain semiconductor material as working material, are based on the principle of exciting unbalanced carriers between the energy bands of semiconductor materials or between the energy bands and impurity levels through a certain excitation mode (electric injection, optical pump or high-energy electron beam injection). In order to generate the stimulated emission of light, the inversion of particle number is realized.

The output wavelength of CO2 laser is 10.6 micron. It uses CO2 mixture as the laser active medium (the decisive substance) and generates excitation (Excitation) by discharging. Solid-state laser accessories, the working substance used in such laser accessories, are made by incorporating metal ions capable of generating stimulated radiation into crystals or glass substrates to form luminescent centers.

The output wavelength of Nd: YAG solid-state laser is 1.06 micron. It uses Nd (Nd) or Y (Yb) metal ions doped YAG crystal as the laser active medium (the decisive substance), mainly through optical pumping (pump) to emit laser. Solid-state laser accessories, the working substance used in such laser accessories, are made by incorporating metal ions capable of generating stimulated radiation into crystals or glass substrates to form luminescent centers.

Compared with CO2 laser accessories, the main advantage of Nd:YAG laser accessories is that the beam can be propagated through fiber, and its wavelength is short, which is conducive to the absorption of material surface, especially for welding copper (chemical copper) alloy and aluminum (Al) alloy (melting point 660 C).

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